How does desiccant cooling technology work?
Desiccants are available in liquid or solid form. A good example of a desiccant material is silica gel. A desiccant material relies on the change in vapor pressure to attract moisture. Most desiccation systems consist of two parts: a dehumidifier and a cooler. Moisture-laden air passes through the dehumidifier where the desiccant removes the moisture. A cooling mechanism such as a heat exchanger, cooling coils, etc. cools the dried air before it is released into the room.
The moisture collected by the desiccant is released outdoors when heat is applied to it. Thus, the desiccant is regenerated and is ready to do its job again. The heat used to regenerate the desiccant can be obtained from a variety of sources, not only electricity.
What are the benefits of desiccant cooling?
Increased comfort: The primary advantage of desiccant cooling systems is the increased comfort levels for occupants. Desiccants provide a way for a cooling system to independently deal with factors of temperature and humidity unlike conventional cooling systems, which focus only on temperature.
Improved air quality: Desiccants dehumidify air before it is released into the room. Dry air carries fewer bacteria since they require moisture to thrive. Dehumidified air also inhibits fungal growth. The reduced bacterial and fungal activity means the air supply is fresh and healthy.
Energy savings: Desiccants use a two-step cooling process. The entire process consumes less energy overall than the traditional one-step cooling process of air conditioners. Another energy relevant feature is the regeneration of the desiccant. This process requires heat, which can be sourced from solar, natural gas, and waste heat recovery systems, besides electricity.
